Slope Formulas — Examples and Uses

The line formulas used most often in algebra and coordinate geometry.

Slope between two points

m=y2−y1x2−x1m = \frac{y_2 - y_1}{x_2 - x_1}

Undefined when the x-values are equal (a vertical line).

Slope-intercept form

y=mx+by = mx + b

m is the slope, b is the y-intercept.

Point-slope form

y−y1=m(x−x1)y - y_1 = m(x - x_1)

Use when you know one point and the slope.

Perpendicular slopes

m1m2=−1m_1 m_2 = -1

Perpendicular lines have negative reciprocal slopes.

Solve · Check · Learn

Use a formula on your own problem

Enter a problem that uses one of these formulas and follow the worked steps.

Try:

Slope formulas FAQ

What is the slope of a horizontal line?
Zero — the y-values do not change, so the numerator of the slope formula is zero.